Most Americans think Joe Biden is doing a bad job handling intake of migrants at the U.S. southern border, recent polls show. Conservatives say there’s a “border crisis” that requires ramped up enforcement tactics to deter, surveil, detain and deport migrants. Progressives say the president isn’t upholding his promises to overturn his predecessor’s practices and shape a more humane and effective system, not just at the border but across the country.

To understand why Biden’s administration and the Democrat-controlled Congress are stalling when it comes to immigration reform, and the role that states like California are playing in pushing inclusion, Capital & Main spoke to political scientist Karthick Ramakrishnan.

Ramakrishnan is a professor at the University of California, Riverside, where he founded the Center for Social Innovation, which generates policies around immigrant integration, civic engagement and economic mobility, among other opportunities for marginalized communities.

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